Commemorative Architecture: Spaces of Memory in the Past, Present, and Future

Abstract

Commemorative Architecture: Spaces of Memory in the Past, Present, and Future explores the transformative role of ‘site memorials’ in society, examining how these designs facilitate collective memory and interpretive engagement beyond traditional monumental forms. Using the Vietnam Veterans Memorial as a central case study, we analyze its design and the shift it represents from grandiose structures to more nuanced, experiential environments that engage visitors in personal and reflective interactions through the use of material, space, and genius loci. The study draws on historical and architectural analysis to trace the evolution of memorial concepts from static monuments to dynamic spaces that actively involve the public in the commemorative process. We discuss the integration of three memorial case studies and their impact on collective memory, particularly in how they help societies reconcile with past traumas and communicate these narratives to future generations. Within the 9/11 memorial, the Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe, and the Hiroshima Peace Memorial, I argue that the shift towards experiential design in memorials marks a significant point in architectural and social history. They are able to guide how societies remember, heal, and educate. The findings highlight the importance of design in shaping historical consciousness and the potential of memorials to bridge past, present, and future in the collective memory of communities.